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The French conquest of Senegal started from 1659 with the establishment of Saint-Louis, Senegal, followed by the French capture of the island of Gorée from the Dutch in 1677, but would only become a full-scale campaign in the 19th century. ==First establishments== According to some historians, French merchants from the Normandy cities of Dieppe and Rouen traded with the Gambia and Senegal coasts, and with the Ivory Coast and the Gold Coast, between 1364 and 1413.〔''African glory: the story of vanished Negro civilizations'' by John Coleman De Graft-Johnson p.121 ()〕〔''Carter G. Woodson: a historical reader'' by Carter Godwin Woodson p.43 ()〕 Probably as a result, an ivory-carving industry developed in Dieppe after 1364.〔''African glory: the story of vanished Negro civilizations'' by John Coleman De Graft-Johnson p.122 ()〕 These travels however were soon forgotten with the advent of the Hundred Years War in France.〔 Various European powers, such as Portugal, the Netherlands, and England then competed for trade in the area of Senegal from the 15th century onward. The Portuguese first established a post on the island of Gorée in 1444, from where they organized a slave trade.〔''International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa'' by Trudy Ring p.303 ()〕 The island was captured by the Dutch in 1588, where they established defensive forts and developed trade further.〔 In 1659, France established the trading post of Saint-Louis, Senegal. The European powers continued contending for the island of Gorée, until in 1677, France led by Jean II d'Estrées during the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) ended up in possession of the island, which it would keep for the next 300 years.〔 In 1758 the French settlement was captured by a British expedition as part of the Seven Years' War, but was later returned to France in 1783. The states of the Wolof and Sereer, neighbouring the two colonial outposts, were particularly involved with the slave trade, having strong military organizations geared to supplying slaves to the Europeans.〔(''Encyclopedia of African history'' Kevin Shillington p.541 )〕 Conflicts erupted with the Muslims to the north, as when Marabout Nasr al Din attacked Mauritania and the Wolof across the border in 1673, but he was defeated through an alliance between local forces and the French.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French conquest of Senegal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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